Syllabus of Economics - Grade XII (2078)
Eco 304
Credit Hours: 5 Teaching Hours: 160
Course Contents
Unit 1: Basic Concept of Economics and Resource Allocation 8+2 = 10 Hrs.
1.1 Concepts of Scarcity and Choice
1.3 Production Possibility Curve (PPC): Concepts, Shape and Shift
1.4 Concept of Allocation of Resources
Go to a firm, industry or factory in your community, observe the study, look for examples of division of labor or specialization, collect pictures and present them in class.
Prepare a questionnaire and go to a local industry and discuss or interview and identify and present the benefits of division of labor and specialization. (2Hrs.)
Unit 2: Micro Economics 38+15 = 53 Hrs.
2.1 Market and Revenue Curves
2.1.1 Concept of Market
Perfect Competition and Imperfect Competition, Types of Imperfect Competition (Monopoly, Duopoly, Oligopoly, Monopolistic Competition)
2.1.2 Concepts of Total Revenue, Marginal Revenue and Average Revenue
2.1.4 Simple Numerical Examples
2.2 Cost Curves
2.2.1 Concept of Explicit Costs, Implicit Costs, Fixed Costs, Variable Costs, Total Costs, Average and Marginal Costs
2.2.2 Short-Run Costs and Derivation of Short-Run Cost Curves (Derivation of Short-Run Total Cost Curves and Average Cost Curves)
2.2.3 Simple Numerical Examples
2.3 Theory of Price and Output Determination
2.3.1 Definition of Perfect Competition, Characteristics
Short-Run and Long-Run Equilibrium of Firm and Industry and Determination of Equilibrium Price and Output under Perfect Competition Market
2.3.2 Meaning and Characteristics of Monopoly Market
Determination of Equilibrium Price and Output under Monopoly in Short-Run and Long-Run
2.3.3 Simple Numerical Examples
2.4 Theory of Factor Pricing
2.4.1 Concepts of Factor Pricing
2.4.2 Rent
Concepts of Economic Rent and Contract Rent, Ricardian Theory of Rent
2.4.3 Wages
Concept of Money Wage and Real Wage, Subsistence Theory of Wages, Wage Fund Theory of Wage
2.4.4 Interest
Concepts of Gross Interest and Net Interest, Classical Theory of Interest
2.4.5 Profit
Concept of Gross Profit and Net Profit, Risk Bearing Theory of Profit and Uncertainty Bearing Theory of Profit
To compile income and cost data of various firms and organizations and prepare total, average and marginal income and cost and present it in the diagram.
Observe the market near you and present it to the class by mentioning its nature and characteristics. (15 Hrs.)
Unit 3: Macro Economics 25+7 = 32 Hrs.
3.1 Banking System and Monetary Policy
3.1.1 Role of Banking System in Economy
3.1.2 Classification of Banks
Central Bank, Commercial Bank, Development Bank, Finance Company and Micro-Credit Financial Institution
3.1.3 Central Bank
Meaning and Functions with Reference to Nepal
3.1.4 Commercial Banks
Meaning and Functions with Reference to Nepal
3.1.5 Concepts of Money and Capital Market
3.1.6 Monetary Policy: Meaning and Types
3.1.7 Province wise Record of Number of Commercial Banks and Development Banks in Nepal
3.2.1 Concepts and Importance of Government Finance
3.2.2 Government Expenditure
Concepts, Classification or Headings
3.2.3 Government Revenue
Sources of Government Revenue, Concepts of Direct and Indirect Tax and Their Merits and Demerits, Concepts of Progressive, Proportional, Regressive and Degressive Tax
3.2.4 Characteristics of Good Tax System
3.2.5 Government Revenue: Concepts of Tax and Non-Tax Revenues in Nepal
3.2.6 Government Borrowing: Concepts of Internal and External Borrowing
3.2.7 Government Budget: Concepts and Process of Budget Formulation in the context of Nepal
3.3 International Trade
3.3.1 Concepts and Importance of International Trade
3.3.2 Concepts of Balance of Trade (BOT) and Balance of Payment (BOP)
3.3.3 Measures to Reduce Trade Deficit in Nepal
3.3.4 Exchange Rate: Meaning and Types
3.3.5 Free Trade and Protection Trade: Advantages and Disadvantages
3.3.6 Comparative Cost Theory of International Trade
Visit the banks and financial institutions in your village or municipality and prepare the details of the activities to be performed by the branch and present it to the class.
To compile and present to the class the names, rates of various types of taxes and no-taxes prevalent in your village or municipality as well as estimates of income and expenditure of the local level government. (7 Hrs.)
Unit 4: Development Economics 8+2 = 10 Hrs.
4.1 Poverty, Inequality, Unemployment and Human Resources
4.1.1 Concept of Poverty, Inequality and Unemployment
4.1.2 Causes of Poverty and Inequality, Measures to Minimize Poverty and Inequality
4.1.3 Unemployment: Types, Causes and Measures to Provide Employment
4.1.4 Human Resources: Concepts and Roles
4.1.5 Concepts of Human Development Indicators and Human Development Index (HDI)
4.1.6 Population of Nepal: Current Status (Size, Structure, Distribution and Growth Rate)
Collect the data of at least 20 households of your tole, neighborhood individually or collectively, identify the causes of poverty, inequality and unemployment and prepare a report with suggestions and present it to the class. (2 Hrs.)
Unit 5: Nepalese Economy 28+12 = 40 Hrs.
5.1 Foreign Trade of Nepal and Foreign Employment
5.1.1 Concepts of Nepalese Foreign Trade
5.1.2 Foreign Trade of Nepal: Growth and Trend, Direction, Competition and Problems of Nepalese Foreign Trade
5.1.3 Concepts of World Trade Organization (WTO) and South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA)
5.1.4 Foreign Employment and Remittance: Current Situation, Advantages and Disadvantages
5.2 Development Planning of Nepal
5.2.1 Concept of Development Planning
5.2.2 General Evaluation of Immediate Past Plan
5.2.3 Current Development Plan: Goals, Priorities and Policies
5.2.4 Process of Plan Formulation in Nepal
5.3 Sustainable Development Goals of UN and Nepal
5.3.1 Concepts of Sustainable Development Goals of UN: 17 Goals
5.3.2 No Poverty and Nepal
5.3.3 Zero Hunger and Nepal
5.3.4 Decent Work, Economic Growth and Nepal
5.3.5 Quality Education and Nepal
To present the structure, growth, direction, etc. of Nepal's foreign trade in the class by showing it in drawings, charts etc.
To study the impact of remittances on the living standard of the people who have gone or have gone for foreign employment at home or in the neighborhood and to present it in the class. (12 Hrs.)
Unit 6: Quantitative Techniques in Economics 13+2 = 15 Hrs.
6.1 Basic Statistics
6.1.1 Review of Basic Statistics: Definition, Scope, Importance and Limitation of Statistics
6.1.2 Collection of Data: Method of Collecting Primary Data, Sources of Secondary Data
6.1.3 Standard Deviation, Coefficient of Variation (CV) and Variance
6.1.4 Index Number: Price Index Number - Laspeyre's and Paasche's Price Index Number
Prepare a questionnaire on a topic, visit the area concerned, collect primary data by census/sample method and pres4ent the data in the diagram.
Collecting retail prices of commodities based on the prices of daily necessities and calculating price indices. (2 Hrs.)
Yearly Working Hours
Units | Theory (Working Hours) | Practical / Project Work (Working Hours) | Total Working Hours |
| 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 38 | 15 | 53 |
| 25 | 7 | 32 |
| 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 28 | 12 | 40 |
| 13 | 2 | 15 |
Total Marks | 120 | 40 | 160 |
Specification Grid (Question Plan and Marks Allocation)
Units | Working Hour | Level and Types of Questions | Number of Questions | Marks | Total Marks |
1. Basic Concepts of Economics and Resource Allocation | 8 | Knowledge – Very Short | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Comprehension – Short (With one or question) | 1 | 5 | |||
2. Micro Economics | 38 | Comprehension - Short | 1 | 5 | 24 |
Application – Very Short | 1 | 1 | |||
Application – Short | 1 | 5 | |||
Application – Long | 1 | 8 | |||
Higher Ability – Short | 1 | 5 | |||
3. Macro Economics | 25 | Knowledge – Very Short | 1 | 1 | 15 |
Knowledge – Short | 1 | 5 | |||
Comprehension – Very Short | 1 | 1 | |||
Application – Long | 1 | 8 | |||
4. Development Economics | 8 | Knowledge – Very Short | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Higher Ability – Short | 1 | 5 | |||
5. Nepalese Economy | 28 | Knowledge – Very Short | 1 | 1 | 16 |
Comprehension – Very Short | 1 | 1 | |||
Application – Very Short | 1 | 1 | |||
Application – Short | 1 | 5 | |||
Higher Ability – Long (With one or question) | 1 | 8 | |||
6. Quantitative Techniques | 13 | Knowledge – Very Short | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Application – Very Short | 1 | 1 | |||
Higher Ability – Very Short | 1 | 1 | |||
Higher ability – Short (With one or question) | 1 | 5 | |||
| 120 | Total | 22 | 75 | 75 |
Specification Grid - Question Plan and Marks Allocation
|
Unit |
Content |
Teaching Hours |
Knowledge |
Comprehension |
Application |
Higher Ability |
Total Question Covered |
Total |
Total Marks |
||||||||||
|
VS |
S |
L |
VS |
S |
L |
VS |
S |
L |
VS |
S |
L |
VS |
S |
L |
|
|
|||
|
1 |
Basic Concepts of Economics and Allocation of
Resources |
8 |
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
2 |
6 |
|
2 |
Micro
Economics |
38 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
3 |
1 |
5 |
24 |
|
3 |
Macro Economics |
25 |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
15 |
|
4 |
Development
Economics |
8 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
2 |
6 |
|
5 |
Nepalese Economy |
28 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
16 |
|
6 |
QT for
Economics |
13 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
3 |
1 |
|
4 |
8 |
|
|
Total |
120 |
5 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
11 |
8 |
3 |
22 |
75 |
Specification Table
Units | Very Short Questions | Short Questions | Long Question | Total Marks |
| 1 | 1 | - | 1+5 = 6 |
| 1 | 3 | 1 | 1+15+8 = 24 |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 2+5+8 = 15 |
| 1 | 1 | - | 1+5 = 6 |
| 3 | 1 | 1 | 3+5+8 = 16 |
| 3 | 1 | - | 3+5 = 8 |
Total Marks | 11×1 = 11 | 8×5 = 40 | 3×8 = 24 | 75 |
Specification Table
Types of Question | Number of Questions to be asked | Full Marks |
Very Short Questions | 11 (from Q.N. 1 to 11) | 11 |
Short Answer Questions | 8 ( from Q.N. 12 to 19) With any two 'OR' Questions | 40 |
Long Answer Questions | 3 (from Q. N. 20 to 23) With any one 'OR' Questions | 24 |
Total | 22 | 75 |
Knowledge Question – What is…., List out the role of …..,
Define, State, List, Name, Describe, Label, Select, Identify, Match, Reproduce
Comprehension – Explain, Distinguish, Convert, Extend, Formulate, Represent, Classify, Rewrite, Infer, Justify, Predict, Give examples, Contrast
Application – Why ….. is …..?,
Change, Compute, Demonstrate, Construct, Solve, Manipulate, Select, Assess, Perform, Show, Use, Operate, Process
Higher Ability - Explanation with quantitative measure, example, table and diagram,
Inernal Evaluation Scheme
S. No. | Area | Evaluation Side | Marks | Basis of Evaluation |
1. | Learning Participation | Classroom Participation | 3 | Daily class attendance, homework for active learning, Assess group and classroom learning participation |
2. | Practical and Project Work | Practical and Project Work | 16 | Involve in at least one project work or community work or field trip from the designated unit Collective or individual evaluation based on student participation, activism, planning, observation, interview, data collection, report preparation and presentation. |
3. | Subject matter assessment | Quarterly (Terminal) Examination | 6 | Evaluation records of quarterly examinations (3 marks from each terminal test) |
Total | 25 |
| ||
Project Work Specification Table
S. No. | Headings | Marks | Remarks |
1. | Overall Format Ø Front Page: Name of the topic Ø Submitted by: Name of the Student Ø Exam Roll No.: Ø Submitted to: School Name, Address Ø Second Page: Approval Letter / Evaluation Committee Ø Body Part: Contents | 2 |
|
2. | Contents Ø Introduction (1) Ø Objectives of the Study (2) Ø Explanation (3) Ø Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations (3) | 9 |
|
3. | Language Ø Overall Strengthening of Language (English or Nepali Medium) | 2 |
|
4. | Viva Voce: Based on the project work | 3 |
|
Specification Table
Formative Evaluation – 25 Marks | Summative Evaluation – 75 Marks |
Attendance – 3 Homework – 3 Classwork – 3 Project Work – 3 Social Work – 3 Discipline and Sanitation – 2 Extra-Curricular Activities – 3 Unit Test - 5 | First Term – 11.25 Marks (15%) Second Term – 15 Marks (20%) Third Term – 18.75 Marks (25%) Final – 30 Marks (40%) |
External Evaluation Scheme
In this case, 75 percent of the total marks weightage will be from external evaluation.
For the external assessment examination, the question paper has to be prepared according to the specialization schedule prepared by the Curriculum Development Center.
In the examination of this subject, especially questions related to knowledge / understanding, problem solving, critical, creation will be asked.
Students will be assessed on whether they have acquired knowledge, skills, or expression in accordance with the objectives set by the curriculum.
Grading system will be used in all external examinations.
Class 12 ma 1st term 2nd term ko pani jodinxa rw final exam ma
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